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Voltage Drop Calculator

NEC 2023 — Chapter 9, Tables 8 & 9 · K-Formula vs. AC Impedance · §210.19(A) / §215.2(A)(1)

1
System & Material

NEC 210.19(A) / 215.2(A)

System Type

Conductor Material

3
Circuit

NEC 210.19(A) · 215.2(A)(1)

One-Way Distance (ft)

Load Current (A)

Source Voltage (V)

2
Conductor

NEC Chapter 9, Table 8 · Table 310.12

Conductor Size

Construction — Method 1 / Table 8

4
AC Method Inputs

NEC Chapter 9, Table 9

Conduit Type

Power Factor — 0.85

0.101.00

Power Factor Type

Method 1 — K-Formula

Chapter 9, Table 8 · DC-resistance basis · Quick field estimates

Voltage Drop — Method 1

VD (V)

0.00 V

VD (%)

—%

Load Voltage

0.00V

Method 2 — Table 9 AC Impedance

Chapter 9, Table 9 · AC impedance basis · Preferred for large conductors & long runs

Voltage Drop — Method 2

VD (V)

0.00 V

VD (%)

—%

Load Voltage

0.00V

Additional Scenarios

Other Scenarios →

Side-by-Side Comparison

MethodVD (V)VD (%)
Method 1 — DC-resistance basis (Table 8, solid/stranded)0.00—%
Method 2 — AC impedance basis (Ze to neutral, per Ω/kft)0.00—%
Δ (Table 9 − K-Formula)0.00—%
≤ 3% — NEC recommendation (branch circuits)> 3% and ≤ 5% — within combined feeder + branch max> 5% — exceeds NEC recommended total

Disclaimer — Important

NEC Chapter 9 Table 8 (conductor properties / circular mils) and Table 9 (AC resistance & reactance, 3-phase, 60 Hz, 75°C, three single conductors in conduit) reference data. Table 9 does not publish values above 1000 kcmil, or for 700/800/900 kcmil, or for 14 AWG aluminum — Method 2 shows “not available” for those combinations.

NEC §210.19(A) Informational Note & §215.2(A)(1) Informational Note: 3% branch circuit / 5% combined feeder + branch are recommendations, not requirements.

This calculator is an independent tool intended to assist electrical professionals for educational and estimation purposes only. Results must be verified by a licensed electrical engineer or electrician and reviewed against the full NEC text, equipment listings, manufacturer specifications, and applicable local codes before use in design, permitting, or construction.

NEC® and NFPA 70® are registered trademarks and copyrighted publications of the National Fire Protection Association. Users should verify all results against the adopted code edition and local amendments.